Which of the following is an example of a boundary crossing rather than a boundary violation?

• A. Accepting a modest gift from a client
• B. Providing therapy to a close friend
• C. Entering into a romantic relationship with a client
• D. Disclosing client information to a coworker without consent

Answer: (A)

Boundary crossings are small, non-harmful deviations from the usual professional boundaries that a clinician can manage with awareness and appropriate safeguards. Accepting a modest gift from a client fits this idea because it is a minor, non-coercive gesture and does not exploit the professional relationship or undermine objectivity, especially when the gift is culturally appropriate, infrequent, and does not create a sense of obligation. In contrast, providing therapy to a close friend crosses the line into a dual relationship and risks compromising objectivity and professional judgment. Entering into a romantic relationship with a client is a serious boundary violation that exploits the power imbalance and is never ethically permissible. Disclosing client information to a coworker without consent violates confidentiality and harms the client’s privacy and trust. Because it stays within a small, manageable boundary adjustment while the others clearly breach core ethical protections, accepting a modest gift is the best example of a boundary crossing.